5.7 CVE-2025-4084

Privilege Escalation

Due to insufficient escaping of the special characters in the "copy as cURL" feature, an attacker could trick a user into using this command, potentially leading to local code execution on the user's system. *This bug only affects Firefox for Windows. Other versions of Firefox are unaffected.* This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 128.10, Firefox ESR < 115.23, and Thunderbird < 128.10.
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4084

Categories

CWE-116 : Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved. This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives. This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results. Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies. In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input. Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20). Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other. When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so. Chain: authentication routine in Go-based agile development product does not escape user name (CWE-116), allowing LDAP injection (CWE-90) OS command injection in backup software using shell metacharacters in a filename; correct behavior would require that this filename could not be changed. Web application does not set the charset when sending a page to a browser, allowing for XSS exploitation when a browser chooses an unexpected encoding. Program does not set the charset when sending a page to a browser, allowing for XSS exploitation when a browser chooses an unexpected encoding. SQL injection via password parameter; a strong password might contain "&" Cross-site scripting in chat application via a message subject, which normally might contain "&" and other XSS-related characters. Cross-site scripting in chat application via a message, which normally might be allowed to contain arbitrary content.

References

security@mozilla.org

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1949994%2C1956698%2C1960198 Broken Link
https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/ Vendor Advisory
https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-30/ Vendor Advisory
https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/ Vendor Advisory

CPE

cpe	start	end
Configuration 1
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:::::esr:::*		< 115.23
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:::::esr:::*	>= 128.0	< 128.10
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:::::esr:::*		< 128.10.0

REMEDIATION

EXPLOITS

Exploit-db.com

id	description	date
No known exploits

POC Github

Url
No known exploits

Other Nist (github, ...)

Url
No known exploits

CAPEC

Common Attack Pattern Enumerations and Classifications

id	description	severity
104	Cross Zone Scripting An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security. [Find systems susceptible to the attack] Find systems that contain functionality that is accessed from both the internet zone and the local zone. There needs to be a way to supply input to that functionality from the internet zone and that original input needs to be used later on a page from a local zone. [Find the insertion point for the payload] The attacker first needs to find some system functionality or possibly another weakness in the system (e.g. susceptibility to cross site scripting) that would provide the attacker with a mechanism to deliver the payload (i.e. the code to be executed) to the user. The location from which this code is executed in the user's browser needs to be within the local machine zone. [Craft and inject the payload] Develop the payload to be executed in the higher privileged zone in the user's browser. Inject the payload and attempt to lure the victim (if possible) into executing the functionality which unleashes the payload.	High
73	User-Controlled Filename An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.	High
81	Web Server Logs Tampering Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application. [Determine Application Web Server Log File Format] The attacker observes the system and looks for indicators of which logging utility is being used by the web server. [Determine Injectable Content] The attacker launches various logged actions with malicious data to determine what sort of log injection is possible. [Manipulate Log Files] The attacker alters the log contents either directly through manipulation or forging or indirectly through injection of specially crafted request that the web server will receive and write into the logs. This type of attack typically follows another attack and is used to try to cover the traces of the previous attack.	High
85	AJAX Footprinting This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS. [Send request to target webpage and analyze HTML] Using a browser or an automated tool, an adversary sends requests to a webpage and records the received HTML response. Adversaries then analyze the HTML to identify any known underlying JavaScript architectures. This can aid in mappiong publicly known vulnerabilities to the webpage and can also helpo the adversary guess application architecture and the inner workings of a system.	Low

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