9.8 CVE-2025-8995
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Drupal Authenticator Login allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Authenticator Login: from 0.0.0 before 2.1.4.
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8995
Categories
CWE-288 : Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication. Funnel all access through a single choke point to simplify how users can access a resource. For every access, perform a check to determine if the user has permissions to access the resource. Router allows remote attackers to read system logs without authentication by directly connecting to the login screen and typing certain control characters. Attackers with physical access to the machine may bypass the password prompt by pressing the ESC (Escape) key. OS allows local attackers to bypass the password protection of idled sessions via the programmer's switch or CMD-PWR keyboard sequence, which brings up a debugger that the attacker can use to disable the lock. Direct request of installation file allows attacker to create administrator accounts. Attackers may gain additional privileges by directly requesting the web management URL. Bypass authentication via direct request to named pipe. User can avoid lockouts by using an API instead of the GUI to conduct brute force password guessing.
CWE-306 : Missing Authentication for Critical Function
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources. For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server. When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302]. File-sharing PHP product does not check if user is logged in during requests for PHP library files under an includes/ directory, allowing configuration changes, code execution, and other impacts. Chain: a digital asset management program has an undisclosed backdoor in the legacy version of a PHP script (CWE-912) that could allow an unauthenticated user to export metadata (CWE-306) TCP-based protocol in Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) has no authentication. Condition Monitor firmware uses a protocol that does not require authentication. SCADA-based protocol for bridging WAN and LAN traffic has no authentication. Safety Instrumented System uses proprietary TCP protocols with no authentication. Distributed Control System (DCS) uses a protocol that has no authentication. Chain: Cloud computing virtualization platform does not require authentication for upload of a tar format file (CWE-306), then uses .. path traversal sequences (CWE-23) in the file to access unexpected files, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. Bluetooth speaker does not require authentication for the debug functionality on the UART port, allowing root shell access WiFi router does not require authentication for its UART port, allowing adversaries with physical access to execute commands as root IT management product does not perform authentication for some REST API requests, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. Default setting in workflow management product allows all API requests without authentication, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. MFV. Access TFTP server without authentication and obtain configuration file with sensitive plaintext information. Agent software running at privileges does not authenticate incoming requests over an unprotected channel, allowing a Shatter" attack. Product enforces restrictions through a GUI but not through privileged APIs. monitor device allows access to physical UART debug port without authentication Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) does not have an authentication feature on its communication protocols.
References
CPE
| cpe |
start |
end |
| Configuration 1 |
| cpe:2.3:a:authenticator_login_project:authenticator_login:*:*:*:*:*:drupal:*:* |
|
< 2.1.4 |
REMEDIATION
EXPLOITS
Exploit-db.com
| id |
description |
date |
|
| No known exploits |
POC Github
Other Nist (github, ...)
CAPEC
Common Attack Pattern Enumerations and Classifications
| id |
description |
severity |
| 127 |
Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks. [Directory Discovery] Use a method, either manual, scripted, or automated to discover the directories on the server by making requests for directories that may possibly exist. During this phase the adversary is less concerned with whether a directory can be accessed or indexed and more focused on simply discovering what directories do exist on the target. [Iteratively explore directory/file structures] The adversary attempts to access the discovered directories that allow access and may attempt to bypass server or application level ACLs by using manual or automated methods [Read directories or files which are not intended for public viewing.] The adversary attempts to access the discovered directories that allow access and may attempt to bypass server or application level ACLs by using manual or automated methods |
Medium |
| 665 |
Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
[Survey physical victim environment and potential Thunderbolt system targets] The adversary monitors the target's physical environment to identify systems with Thunderbolt interfaces, identify potential weaknesses in physical security in addition to periods of nonattendance by the victim over their Thunderbolt interface equipped devices, and when the devices are in locked or sleep state. [Evaluate the target system and its Thunderbolt interface] The adversary determines the device's operating system, Thunderbolt interface version, and any implemented Thunderbolt protections to plan the attack. [Obtain and/or clone firmware image] The adversary physically manipulates Thunderbolt enabled devices to acquire the firmware image from the target and/or adversary Thunderbolt host controller's SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash. [Parse and locate relevant firmware data structures and information based upon Thunderbolt controller model, firmware version, and other information] The acquired victim and/or adversary firmware image is parsed for specific data and other relevant identifiers required for exploitation, based upon the victim device information and firmware version. [Disable Thunderbolt security and prevent future Thunderbolt security modifications (if necessary)] The adversary overrides the target device's Thunderbolt Security Level to "None" (SL0) and/or enables block protections upon the SPI flash to prevent the ability for the victim to perform and/or recognize future Thunderbolt security modifications as well as update the Thunderbolt firmware. [Modify/replace victim Thunderbolt firmware image] The modified victim and/or adversary thunderbolt firmware image is written to attacker SPI flash. [Connect adversary-controlled thunderbolt enabled device to victim device and verify successful execution of malicious actions] The adversary needs to determine if their exploitation of selected vulnerabilities had the intended effects upon victim device. [Exfiltration of desired data from victim device to adversary device] Utilize PCIe tunneling to transfer desired data and information from victim device across Thunderbolt connection. |
Very High |
| 12 |
Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one. [Determine Nature of Messages] Determine the nature of messages being transported as well as the identifiers to be used as part of the attack [Authenticate] If required, authenticate to the distribution channel [Identify Known Client Identifiers] If any particular client's information is available through a control channel available to all users, the adversary will discover particular identifiers for targeted clients by observing this channel, or requesting client information through this channel. [Change Message Identifier] Adversaries with client access connecting to output channels could change their channel identifier and see someone else's (perhaps more privileged) data. |
High |
| 166 |
Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions. |
Medium |
| 216 |
Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise. |
|
| 36 |
Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for. [Identify services] Discover a service of interest by exploring service registry listings or by connecting on a known port or some similar means. [Authenticate to service] Authenticate to the service, if required, in order to explore it. [Identify all interfaces] Determine the exposed interfaces by querying the registry as well as probably sniffing to expose interfaces that are not explicitly listed. [Attempt to discover unpublished functions] Using manual or automated means, discover unpublished or undocumented functions exposed by the service. [Exploit unpublished functions] Using information determined via experimentation, exploit the unpublished features of the service. |
High |
| 62 |
Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie. [Explore target website] The attacker first explores the target website to determine pieces of functionality that are of interest to them (e.g. money transfers). The attacker will need a legitimate user account on the target website. It would help to have two accounts. [Create a link that when clicked on, will execute the interesting functionality.] The attacker needs to create a link that will execute some interesting functionality such as transfer money, change a password, etc. [Convince user to click on link] Finally, the attacker needs to convince a user that is logged into the target website to click on a link to execute the CSRF attack. |
Very High |
MITRE
Techniques
| id |
description |
| T1083 |
File and Directory Discovery |
| T1211 |
Exploitation for Defensive Evasion |
| T1542.002 |
Pre-OS Boot:Component Firmware |
| T1556 |
Modify Authentication Process |
| © 2022 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. |
Mitigations
| id |
description |
| M1051 |
Update software regularly by employing patch management for internal enterprise endpoints and servers. |
| M1051 |
Perform regular firmware updates to mitigate risks of exploitation and/or abuse. |
| M1018 |
Ensure that proper policies are implemented to dictate the the secure enrollment and deactivation of authentication mechanisms, such as MFA, for user accounts. |
| © 2022 The MITRE Corporation. Esta obra se reproduce y distribuye con el permiso de The MITRE Corporation. |
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